নিয়ম ।
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1. Sentence যদি Present indefinite tense
হয় এবং Subject যদি Third Person singular
number হয়, তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত
হয়। যেমন:
# She (write) a letter.
Ans.: She writes a letter.
# The baby (cry).
Ans.: The baby cries.
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2. Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত
থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past
perfect tense এবং পরের অংশ Past
indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
We (reach) our school before the bell
rang.
Ans.: We had reached our school before
the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor
(come).
Ans.: The patient had died before the
doctor came.
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3. After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত
থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite
tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense
হয়। যেমন:
They arrived the station after the train
(leave).
Ans.: They arrived the station after the
train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had
come.
Ans.: The patient died after the doctor
had come.
4. No sooner had ............. than,
5. Scarcely had .......... when,
6. Hardly had .......... when—প্রথম অংশ
Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ
verb-এর Past participle form হবে।
দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past indefinite tense
অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past form
হয়। যেমন:
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the
teacher (enter) the classroom.
Ans.: No sooner had the bell rung than
the teacher entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand
when the bus (leave).
Ans.: Scarcely had he arrived at the bus
stand when the bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain
when he (run) away.
Ans.: Hardly had the snatcher taken the
chain when he ran away.
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7. সাধারণত since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত
থাকলে এবং since-এর আগের অংশ Present
indefinite/
পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
It is many years since he (give) up
smoking.
Ans.: It is many years since he gave up
smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave)
the house.
Ans.: Five years have passed since he left
the house.
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8.. আবার since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে
এবং since-এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের
অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ
verb -এর Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
Many years passed since I (meet) him
last.
Ans.: Many years passed since I had met
him last.
It was many years since I (visit) there.
Ans.: It was many years since I had
visited there.
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9. Passive voice-এ সর্বদা verb-এর past
participle form হয়। যেমন: This work was
(do) by him.
Ans.: This work was done by him.
The problem has been (solve) by him.
Ans.: The problem has been solved by
him.
The school was (close) for sine die.
Ans.: The school was closed for sine die.
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10. Simple sentence-এ দুটি verb থাকলে
দ্বিতীয় verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা
দ্বিতীয় verbটির আগে to বসে।
যেমন: He saw the boy (play) in the field.
Ans.: He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him (speak).
Ans.: I heard him speaking.
He helps me (make) the house.
Ans.: He helps me making the house.
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12. Note : দ্বিতীয় verbটি যদি উদ্দেশ্য
বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয় তবে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর
আগে to বসে।
যেমন: I went to the library (read)
newspaper.
Ans.: I went to the library to read
newspaper.
He repaired the boat (sell) it.
Ans.: He repaired the boat to sell it.
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13. Modal auxiliary verb যেমন : can,
could, may, might, should, would, ought
to, used to, must ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল
verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন: He can
(do) it easily. Ans.: He can do it easily.
Everybody should (respect) his parents.
Ans.: Everybody should respect his
parents.
It may (rain) today. Ans.: It may rain
today.
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14. সাধারণত sentence যদি ভবিষ্যৎ
নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন:
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in
future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে future
indefinite tense হবে এবং verb-এর
present form বসে। যেমন: I (go) to Dhaka
tomorrow.
Ans.: I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.
He (join) there the next day.
Ans.: He will join there the next day.
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15. Sentence-এর subject singular number
হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural
হলে verb plural number হয়।
যেমন: The taste of the mangoes (to be)
sour.
Ans.: The taste of the mangoes is sour.
The flowers of the garden (to be)
beautiful.
Ans.: The flowers of the garden are
beautiful.
These papers (to be) printed.
Ans.: These papers are printed.
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16. মূল verb-এর আগে to be বা having
থাকলে verb-এর past participle form হয়।
যেমন: A community centre is going to be
(establish).
Ans.: A community centre is going to be
established.
I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.
Ans.: I do not mind having a cup of
coffee.
He went home (have) his salary.
Ans.: He went home having his salary.
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17. সাধারণত It is time, it is high time,
wish ইত্যাদির পরে subject ও bracket-এ
মূল verb থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়।
যেমন: It is time you (finish) a course on
English language.
Ans.: It is time you finished a course on
English language.
I wish I (sing). Ans.: I wish I sang.
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আবার, It is time, it is high time-এর পর
যদি bracket-এ মূল verb থাকে, তবে ওই
verb-এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই verb
অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
যেমন: It is time (play). Ans.: It is time to
play.
It is high time (stand) by the flood-
affected people.
Ans.: It is high time to stand by the flood-
affected people.
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18. As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে
subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে
were বসে। যেমন: He behaves as if he
(be) a leader.
Ans.: He behaves as if he were a leader.
I wish I (be) a millionaire.
Ans.: I wish I were a millionaire.
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19. As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি clause
যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম clauseটি Present tense
হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি Past indefinite হয়।
প্রথম clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের
clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
He behaves as if he (buy) the car.
Ans.: He behaves as if he bought the car.
He spoke as though he (do) a great task.
Ans.: He spoke as though he had done a
great task.
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20. While যুক্ত sentence-এ while-এর পরে
verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।
আবার while-এর পরে subject থাকলে Past
continuous tense হয়। যেমন: While (take)
dinner, he received the phone. Ans.:
While taking dinner, he received the
phone.
While I (play) in the field, I saw him
coming.
Ans.: While I was playing in the field, I
saw him coming.
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21. Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে
lest-এর পরবর্তী subject-এর সঙ্গে
auxiliary verb ‘should’/
‘might’ বসে। যেমন: Read attentively lest
you (fail) in the examination.
Ans.: Read attentively lest you should fail
in the examination.
Walk fast lest you (be) late in your class.
Ans.: Walk fast lest you might be late in
your class.
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22. Would that দ্বারা sentence শুরু হলে
subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং মূল verb-
এর Present form হয়। যেমন: Would that I
(be) a bird! Ans.: Would that I could be a
bird!
Would that I (visit) Cox’s Bazar .
Ans.: Would that I could visit Cox’s Bazar.
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23. সাধারণত each, one of, every, either,
neither ইত্যাদি দ্বারা কোনো subject
গঠিত হলে সেটি third person singular
number হয়। তাই এদের পরের verbটিও
singular number হয়। যেমন: Each boy
(come) here. Ans.: Each boy comes here.
Everybody (wish) to be happy. Ans.:
Everybody wishes to be happy.
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24. Adjective-এর আগে the বসলে
subjectটি plural হয় এবং তদনুযায়ী verb
বসে।
যেমন: The virtuous (to be) blessed.
Ans.: The virtuous are blessed.
The poor (live) from hand to mouth.
Ans.: The poor live from hand to mouth.
25. Titles, names, phrase of measurement
দেখতে plural হলেও singular verb হয়।
যেমন: Thirty miles (to be) a long way.
Ans.: Thirty miles is a long way.
Star Wars (to be) an excellent movie.
Ans.: Star Wars is an excellent movie.
Eight hours (to be) a long time to work.
Ans.: Eight hours is a long time to work.
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26. কোনো sentence ‘It’ দ্বারা শুরু হলে
পরবর্তী verb singular হয়।
যেমন: It (to be) difficult to do.
Ans.: It is difficult to do.
It (to be) you who have done this.
Ans.: It is you who have done this.
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27. কোনো sentence যদি introductory
there দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তারপর singular
number থাকে, there-এর singular verb হয়।
আর যদি there-এর পরে plural number
থাকে তবে plural verb হয়।
যেমন: There (to be) a big river beside our
village.
Ans.: There was a big river beside our
village.
There (to be) a lot of work left for us.
Ans.: There were a lot of work left for us.
,MNH SAGOR
28. Let, had better, had rather, would
better, would rather ইত্যাদি থাকলে
form বসে।
যেমন: I would rather die than (beg) .
Ans.: I would rather die than beg.
Would you let me (go) there?
Ans.: Would you let me go there?
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29. If যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Present
indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Future
indefinite হয়, অর্থাৎ structureটি হয় ‘If +
Present + Future’.
যেমন: If you work hard, you (prosper) in
life.
Ans.: If you work hard, you will prosper in
life.
If he reads more he (pass) in the
examination.
Ans.: If he reads more, he will pass in the
examination.
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30. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ
Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-
এর পরে would/could/
might বসে এবং verb-এর Present form
হয়। অর্থাৎ, structureটি হয় ‘If + Past
indefinite’—(Su
+ verb-এর Present form)।
যেমন: If he agreed, I (give) the money.
Ans.: If he agreed, I would give the
money.
If you studied, you (get) a good result.
Ans.: If you studied, you would get a good
result.
If they tried, they (succeed).
Ans.: If they tried, they would succeed.
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31. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past
perfect tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-এর
পরে would have/could have/might have
বসে এবং verb-এর Past participle form
হয়।
যেমন: If you had finished it sincerely, you
(get) a profit. Ans.: If you had finished it
sincerely, you would have got a profit.
If I had possessed vast wealth, I (help)
the poor people.
Ans.: If I had possessed vast wealth, I
would have helped the poor people.
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32. To ব্যাতিত preposition-এর পরের
verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন: He is now engaged in (read).
Ans.: He is now engaged in reading.
One can gather knowledge by (travel).
Ans.: One can gather knowledge by
traveling.
,MNH SAGOR
33. Can not help, could not help, look
forward to, with a view to, get used to,
mind ইত্যাদির পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing
যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন: He came to Dhaka with a view to
(find) a job.
Ans.: He came to Dhaka with a view to
finding a job.
I cannot help (laugh).
Ans.: I cannot help laughing.
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34. কোনো sentence-এর শুরুতে subject-এর
স্থানে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing
যোগ হয়।
যেমন: (To swim) is a good exercise.
Ans.: Swimming is a good exercise.
(To speak) is an art.
Ans.: Speaking is an art.
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35. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথমটিতে subject-
এর পর were থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশে
subject-এর পরে would/could/ might বসে
এবং verb-এর Present from বসে। আবার,
would have/could have/would have-ও
বসতে পারে। সে ক্ষেত্রে verb-এর Past
participle form বসে।
যেমন: If I were an artist, I (draw) a nice
picture.
Ans: If I were a artist, I would draw a nice
picture.
If I were a billionaire, I (establish) a
hospital for the poor.
Ans.: If I were a billionaire, I would
establish a hospital for the poor.
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36. Had-এর পরে subject এবং verb-এর
Past participle থাকলে পরবর্তী clause-এর
subject-এর পরে would have/could have/
might have + verb-এর Past participle form
বসে।
যেমন: Had I been a teacher, I (talk) the
real story to my students.
Ans.: Had I been a teacher, I would have
talked the real story to my students.
,
MNH SAGOR
37. Verb ‘to be’-বিহীন sentence-কে
negative বা interrogative করতে হলে
tense ও subject-এর number ও person
অনুসারে do, does, did ব্যবহার করতে
হবে।
যেমন: We not (play) Ha-du-du.
Ans.: We do not play Ha-du-du.
She not (play) football.
Ans.: She does not play football.
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38. সাধারণত preposition—on,
from, by, after at, beyond, upon, against,
with, without, before ইত্যাদি—এর পরে
verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।
Rina is busy in (do) her homework.
Ans.: Rina is busy in doing her homework.
Keep on (try) hard.
Ans.: Keep on trying hard.
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39. Interrogative sentence যদি who,
what, why, which, when, where, whose,
how ইত্যাদি question word দ্বারা শুরু
হয়, তাহলে subject-এর আগে tense ও
person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার
করতে হবে।
Why he (look) so happy?
Ans.: Why does he look so happy?
When father (come)?
Ans.: When will father come?
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40. সাধারণত নিচে লিখিত verb-গুলোর
পরে gerund বসে। যেমন: admit, enjoy,
report, appreciate, finish, recent, avoid,
mind, resist, miss, resume, consider,
postpone, risk, delay, practice, suggest,
escape, imagine, save, recall, prevent,
propose, stop, deny, quit ইত্যাদি।
We enjoy (watch) TV.
Ans.: We enjoy watching TV.
I have finished (writing).
Ans.: I have finished writing.